Search results for "Fulminant hepatitis"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
Selection of a precore mutant after vertical transmission of different hepatitis B virus variants is correlated with fulminant hepatitis in infants
1995
The incidence of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) depends on the HBeAg/anti-HBe status of the mother. While children of HBeAg-positive mothers have a 90% probability of acquiring a chronic hepatitis B virus carrier state, babies of anti-HBe-positive mothers are more likely to develop fulminant hepatitis within the first 3 to 4 months of life. There is evidence that precore (pre-C) mutations of the HBV can be associated with fulminant hepatitis. The pre-C region was therefore examined in sera from nine infants with fulminant hepatitis after vertical transmission, one HBeAg-positive and seven anti-HBe-positive mothers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequence ana…
Anti-hepatitis A virus seroprevalence and seroconversion in a cohort of patients with chronic viral hepatitis
2002
Abstract Background. Patients with chronic hepatitis C infected by hepatitis A virus have a substantial risk of fulminant hepatitis or death, while the course of hepatitis A virus is uncomplicated in most subjects with chronic hepatitis B. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus antibodies and the incidence of hepatitis A virus seroconversion in a nationwide sample of 530 patients with chronic hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C infection initially susceptible to this infection after a follow-up of some years. Results. The overall anti-hepatitis A virus prevalence was 85.7%, with no difference between males and females. By the age of 50 years, almost all patients were found to …
IL-28A Is a Key Regulator of T-Cell–Mediated Liver Injury via the T-Box Transcription Factor T-Bet
2006
Background & Aims: T-cell–mediated fulminant hepatitis is a potentially life-threatening event for which the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate a key regulatory role of IL-28A in T-cell–mediated hepatitis. Methods: We cloned the murine IL-28A gene by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, assessed the effects of recombinant IL-28A, and generated IL-28A–transgenic mice. Results: IL-28A induced TH1 cytokine production by CD4+ T lymphocytes in a T-bet–dependent manner and was up-regulated in a murine model of T-cell–mediated hepatitis upon Con A administration. In vivo, CD4+ T cells from newly created IL-28A–transgenic animals revealed an …
Three cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection presenting as fulminant hepatitis
1990
We report three cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection presenting as fulminant hepatitis. None of the patients had clear risk factors for HSV infection and they all died. Antiviral treatment for HSV is currently available but must be administered early in the course of the disease before irreversible liver tissue damage is present. Since the diagnosis may be difficult to establish, we wish to draw the attention of clinicians to the presentation of neonatal HSV infection and suggest that in such cases viral cultures, including culture of liver tissue, should be obtained early and antiviral treatment administered while awaiting the culture results.
Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution in an Outbreak of Fulminant Hepatitis B Virus
2006
ABSTRACT In order to establish the transmission pathway for two outbreak patients affected by fulminant hepatitis B (FHB) following a shared period of hospitalization, we sequenced the complete genomes of the hepatitis B viruses (HBV) isolated from them as well as from the suspected common source and 11 additional controls. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses of these sequences revealed that the two FHB patients were indeed infected by a common source and that the fatal development of the disease did not appear to be associated with any mutation previously reported to be related to FHB. These data have also allowed us to estimate the extent and distribution of genetic variability along th…
Cutting Edge: A Key Pathogenic Role of IL-27 in T Cell- Mediated Hepatitis
2007
Abstract The signals driving T cell activation in T cell-mediated fulminant hepatitis are not fully understood. In this study, we identify the cytokine IL-27p28/EBI3 as a major pathogenic factor in the ConA model of T cell-mediated hepatitis. We found an up-regulation of hepatic EBI3 and p28 expression and augmented levels of IL-27 in wild-type mice after ConA administration, suggesting a potential pathogenic role of this cytokine in ConA hepatitis. Consistently, IL-27 EBI3-deficient mice were almost completely protected from ConA-induced liver damage. Such protection was associated with reduced levels of IFN-γ and its signaling proteins pSTAT-1 and T-bet. Finally, in vivo blockade of IL-27…